An Overview of Nanoacoustics in Nanotechnology

Nanoacoustics has advanced quickly with continuous and considerable growth of capabilities and refinement of techniques. This article discusses nanoacoustics, its applications, including nanoacoustic sensing, nanoacoustic manipulation and nanoacoustic characterization, along with its future outlooks.

What is Acoustics?

The term “Acoustics” is derived from the Greek word “akoustos”, meaning “heard”. Acoustics is the science that deals with the production, transmission, control and effects of sounds. Acoustics cover a range of topics, including noise control, ultrasounds in the medical field, thermoacoustic refrigeration, bioacoustics, SONAR for submarine navigation, nanoacoustics, seismology, and electroacoustic communication.

Ultrasound has frequencies of sound above the hearing range, generally 20 kHz. Usually, ultrasound is generated through transducers that use piezoelectric material to convert electrical energy to acoustic energy using the converse piezoelectric effect.

Background of Nanoacoustics

With the advancement in nanoscience in the 1980s, nanotechnology started to receive attention in various sectors of the research community. Advancements in nanomaterials and nanodevices for ultrasound investigations have revolutionized conventional methods to use ultrasound.

Over the last several years, the introduction of various nanoscaled materials to support the identification and treatment of different illnesses have received growing interest, becoming a significant sector of medical ultrasonography. Nowadays, nanotechnology deals with various ultrasonic instruments that can monitor and control nanoparticles.

Nanoacoustic Characterization

Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM):

Sound waves with high frequencies have short wavelengths and are used to develop acoustic microscopes. These microscopes have a similar resolution to optical microscopes. Scientists have used this idea of nanoacoustics in microscopy to develop Scanning Acoustic Microscopes (SAM).

Earlier microscopes that used SAM techniques provided up to 10μm resolution. Later on, the evolved version could operate with up to 260-nanometer wavelengths. This technique is mostly used for biology, internal imaging structures in materials and characterization of optically opaque samples.

Atomic Force Acoustic microscopy:

The resolution of SAM is limited. Therefore to characterize material properties at the sub-micrometre resolution, another technique, Atomic Force Acoustic Microscopy or AFAM, is used. This technique is used to characterize and map mechanical properties up to nanoscale. For instance, according to recent studies, this technique has been used to accurately measure dynamic Young’s modulus of materials like nanocrystalline ferrites with nanoscale resolution. The resolution for this technique is up to 10nanometers.

Nanoacoustic Manipulation

With scientific progress in nanotechnology such as nanofabrication, biomedicine and material engineering, manipulating nanoparticles, nanodroplets and nanocells are essential. These manipulation functions include orientation, trapping, sorting, concentration, and assembly of nanoobjects.

Researchers have created many alternative tactics to accomplish these manipulation functions, classed as electrical, optical, microfluidics, magnetic, AFM, mechanical and acoustic methods.

Each approach has its own set of drawbacks, but when compared, acoustic-based systems have several advantages over other techniques. For instance, acoustic-based techniques can provide diverse manipulating functions. These methods also do not require specific manipulated sample properties and can be performed through simple device structures.

Nanoacoustic Sensing

Surface acoustics waves (SAW) devices respond to mechanical, electrical, chemical signals and other perturbations. Responsive properties of these devices also allow them to be used as SAW sensors.

These nanoacoustic sensors are advantageous due to their low cost, high sensitivity, superior response time and compact size. Moreover, SAW-based nanoacoustic sensors exhibit exceptional stability, selectivity and linearity provided with a suitable design of sensing surfaces IDTs and piezoelectric substrates.

Other than SAW-based sensors, different nanoacoustic sensors are also being developed. For example, scientists developed a flexible pressure sensor made by packing gold nanowires between 2 PMDS sheets. This nanoacoustic sensor showed a fast response, high stability, high sensitivity, and low power consumption. These properties and the mechanical flexibility enabled this sensor to observe real-time heart rate as well as to detect small vibration forces.

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Nanotechnology In Aerospace Market Size Growth 2022-2028

The Nanotechnology In Aerospace Market with many aspects of the industry like the market size, market status, market trends and forecast, the report also provides brief information of the competitors and the specific growth opportunities with key market drivers. Find the complete Nanotechnology In Aerospace Market analysis segmented by companies, region, type and applications in the report.

The report offers valuable insight into the Nanotechnology In Aerospace market progress and approaches related to the Nanotechnology In Aerospace market with an analysis of each region. The report goes on to talk about the dominant aspects of the market and examine each segment.

Top Key Players | Airbus, Glonatech, Flight Shield, Lockheed Martin, Lufthansa Technik, tripleO Performance Solution, Zyvex Technologies, CHOOSE NanoTech, General Nano, HR TOUGHGUARD, and Metamaterial Technologies

Segmentation by size

• Nanomaterials
• Nanotools
• Nanodevices

Segmentation by application

• Aircraft Parts
• Fuselage Structure
• Aero Engine Parts

The global Nanotechnology In Aerospace market segmented by company, region (country), by Type, and by Application. Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Nanotechnology In Aerospace market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource. The segmental analysis focuses on revenue and forecast by region (country), by Type, and by Application for the period 2022-2028.

Market Segment by Regions, Regional Analysis Covers

North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia etc.)

Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

Research Objectives:

To study and analyze the global Nanotechnology In Aerospace market size by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2013 to 2017, and forecast to 2026.

To understand the structure of Nanotechnology In Aerospace market by identifying its various sub segments.

Focuses on the key global Nanotechnology In Aerospace players, to define, describe and analyze the value, market share, market competition landscape, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.

To analyze the Nanotechnology In Aerospace with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.

To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).

To project the size of Nanotechnology In Aerospace submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).

To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches and acquisitions in the market.

To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.

To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.

According to global revenue, the research covers the top regional competitors and their respective market shares. Additionally, it explains their recent strategy decisions, investments in product innovation, and leadership changes made to keep ahead of the competition. This will offer the reader an advantage over others because it will allow them to make an informed choice while taking the market as a whole into account.

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Data-Driven Investigations in Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is necessary for computers to help us parse data (not to mention the sensors, cables, networks, and displays that connect computers to the rest of the world,) and data-driven investigation will be a mainstay of nanotechnology.

Naturally, nanotechnology – the creation, manipulation, and application of parts and particles measured on a nanoscale – has developed alongside computer-driven data science. Advances in either field are soon met with applications in the other, and the progress of each has benefited as a result.

Converging Fields

Recently, scientists have noted how varying fields of endeavor, including nanotechnology and data-based sciences, appear to be converging. That is, advances in discrete fields are informed by – and are applicable – to cutting-edge research in separate fields.

For some scientists, convergence refers to a predicted increase in synergies like this between fields. For others, it is the idea that sectors are beginning to merge, blurring traditional boundary lines between disciplines, and calls for funding and development to focus on areas where previously discrete areas of research overlap. As well as nanotechnology and data-focused fields like computer science, network theory, and artificial intelligence (AI,) convergence has also been noted in biology, neurology, and robotics.

Advances in physics, chemistry, and engineering have led to nanotechnology developments, and some researchers have even demonstrated nanotechnology techniques inspired by biology. Data technologies like AI also rely on biological inspiration by approximating the structure of neurons in a brain in so-called “neural networks.”

For many scientists, nanotechnology and data technologies are converging in a similar way. Interdisciplinary efforts between these fields are already bearing fruitful results with applications in medicine, microscopy, chemical modeling, material analysis, and even agricultural research.

More Precision in Cancer Detection

In medicine, AI and nanotechnology are being combined to achieve treatments that can be precisely tailored to meet the needs of individual cancer patients. Patient data acquisition is improving with the development of low-cost, passive, smart sensing devices based on nanotechnology. At the same time, AI is being used to design nanomaterials, such as precisely combining different nanoparticles in specific nanostructures, that can more effectively detect cancer in the body.

The higher selectivity that nanotechnology brings enables caregivers to establish a patient-specific disease profile that can be targeted with a bespoke set of therapeutic nanotechnologies to increase positive treatment outcomes. But AI must also be used to effectively process the extra information acquired by advanced nanotechnology-based devices and output useful information.

In a symbiotic relationship, nanotechnology-based therapies also benefit from data-driven investigations. AI is used to model thousands of reiterations of drug compounds and nanostructured delivery systems against biological data to find the best possible treatments for cancer. This data-driven research predicts how treatments interact with biological fluids, the immune system, cell membranes, and vasculature in the patient’s body.

The Next Generation of Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has advanced significantly in recent years, and electronic methods can now be used to break the refractory limit of optical microscopes and image samples near the scale of individual atoms. However, it remains challenging to acquire usable, high-quality data from these devices.

Data sciences process AFM data and output usable information gathered from each data point, representing a discrete atomic force operating in the tiny space between the AFM’s probe tip and the sample material’s surface.

Another image data processing approach in AI referred to as functional recognition imaging (FR-SPM) uses artificial neural networks (ANNs) alongside principal component analysis (PCA) to identify local actions from measured spectroscopic reactions in spectrometric microscopy techniques.

Meanwhile, researchers recently developed a microfluidic channel that had a removable nanotextured surface to bind with breast cancer cells before being extracted and parsed for image data.

The image data is segmented and combined in an AI algorithm that determines if a cell is cancerous based on historical cell data that has already been input. This new imaging system compares the historical samples with cells currently being surveyed in real-time, enabling rapid diagnosis of breast cancer through imaging surveys.

Cutting Edge Technologies Bringing Agriculture into the Twenty-First Century

The scientific field of agriculture – which to the uninitiated may seem rural and unsophisticated – has also been impacted by the convergence of research frontiers between nanotechnology and data-based sciences.

In particular, precision agriculture has developed to maximize crop yields in the face of multiple challenges like climate change, increasing populations, declining soil quality, and globalization. Precision agriculture helps farmers respond immediately to any changes in their crops, reducing waste and increasing yields.

Nanotechnology is used to enhance the nutritional value of composts and improve the action of pesticides. At the same time, data-led investigations coupled with advanced nanomaterial sensor systems based on unmanned drones and satellite imagery can help farmers to precisely target composts and pesticides where they are most needed.

With robotics, data-led agriculture could see a revolution in productivity in the next few years. Further, new agriculture systems such as urban greenhouses using automated hydroponics mechanisms, advanced nanotechnology-based growing additives, and network-connected production to minimize food waste are being made possible by the convergence of data-based science and nanotechnology in the field.

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Can Nanotechnology Help to Advance Architecture?

In a recently published review in the journal Materials Today, different avenues of nanotechnology in architecture, as well as the challenges in employing these techniques and the relevant opportunities, were explored.

The architecture and production industry accounts for around half of the world's power consumption and a quarter of the planet's greenhouse gas emissions. Globally approved and extensively used construction practices have direct adverse effects on the environment, excessive resource depletion, antagonizing public health issues, and environmental degradation.

A Brief Review of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology

Any substance having a particle size of less than 100 nm in at least one dimension is considered a nanomaterial.

Nanotechnology, which involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular level to produce materials with remarkably varied and novel properties, is a quickly developing field of study with enormous potential in a wide range of industries, including construction, electronics, healthcare, and building materials. It has the potential to completely transform several fields of research, development, and industrial applications.

Beyond nanoscience, nanotechnology attempts to use the properties of innovative nanomaterials to enhance a wide range of applications.

Construction – An Industry in Need of Nanotechnology

The authors reviewed relevant papers to determine some of the most likely applications of nanotechnology in architecture, such as utilizing carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and nanofibers. Often, these nanomaterials are used to enhance the durability and quality of construction materials while lowering any associated pollution.

Incorporating hybrids such as carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide as nanoparticles can effectively improve the mechanical properties of many construction materials. Glass, concrete, and steel are just a few of the materials that may be improved with the help of nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology in Architectural Projects

Concrete is the most commonly used building material in the construction industry. As concrete is utilized in the structure of buildings, much interest is placed in refining its qualities. By incorporating substances like carbon nanotubes and nano-silica, physical properties of structures such as strength, conductive properties, and durability can be improved.

Nanotechnology can provide a clever remedy for concrete product corrosion by creating coatings that respond to external factors in a way that can either be corrected or avoided. Recent studies on the application of versatile materials, such as carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles, demonstrate that these elements increase the compressive strength and flexibility of cement mortar samples.

Virtues in Nanotechnological Architecture

The potential of nanostructures to repair damaged structural surfaces on their own is extremely advantageous to the construction sector. Nanosensors are used in constructions to aid in the prediction of current problems.

Microcapsules rupture releases a healing ingredient that gradually repairs the damaged concrete mix. The healing ingredient fills the fracture by capillary action. Consequent polymerization helps fill the cracks.

Applications in Energy Conservation

The ability to absorb carbon pollution into the environment has been developed using nanotechnology. Energy may be produced and stored using nanotechnology both in and out of these structures, making it possible to produce new power sources and enhance the amount of currently available energy.

Nanotechnology can also be used to create extremely thin layers with cleaning and color-changing capabilities to cut down on pollution and energy use.

Challenges and Implications of the Research

The biggest problem with using nanotechnology in architecture and building is how they are currently being developed and adapted owing to economic factors. With increased commercial use, exposure to these nanomaterials also increases, which could have negative consequences.

Further progress can be made in scientific endeavors by governments, research and development organizations, manufacturers, and other businesses by collaborating on several levels to implement the new nanotechnological applications, especially in architecture.

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